1. Saladino V, Algeri D, Auriemma V. The Psychological and Social Impact of Covid-19: New Perspectives of Well-Being. *Front Psychol.* 2020;11:577684. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.577684.
2. Organization WH. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report, 51. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020
3. Noroozian M. The elderly population in iran: an ever growing concern in the health system. *Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci.* 2012;6(2):1-6.
4. Adhikari SP, Meng S, Wu YJ, Mao YP, Ye RX, Wang QZ, et al. Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping review. *Infect Dis Poverty.* 2020;9(1):29. doi: 10.1186/s40249-020-00646-x.
5. Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. *Lancet.* 2020;395(10223):470-3. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9.
6. Banerjee D, D’Cruz MM, Rao TS. Coronavirus disease 2019 and the elderly: Focus on psychosocial well-being, agism, and abuse prevention-An advocacy review. *Journal of geriatric mental health.* 2020;7(1):4-10.
7. Parlapani E, Holeva V, Nikopoulou VA, Sereslis K, Athanasiadou M, Godosidis A, et al. Intolerance of Uncertainty and Loneliness in Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic. *Front Psychiatry.* 2020;11:842. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00842.
8. Robb CE, de Jager CA, Ahmadi-Abhari S, Giannakopoulou P, Udeh-Momoh C, McKeand J, et al. Associations of Social Isolation with Anxiety and Depression During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey of Older Adults in London, UK. *Front Psychiatry.* 2020;11:591120. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.591120.
9. Organization WH. Ageing and Life Course. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023.
10. Olyani S, Peyman N. Assessment of the subjective wellbeing of the elderly during the COVID-19 disease pandemic in Mashhad. *Iranian Journal of Ageing.* 2021;16(1):62-73. doi: 10.32598/sija.16.1.31091.
11. Liu K, Chen Y, Lin R, Han K. Clinical features of COVID-19 in elderly patients: A comparison with young and middle-aged patients. *J Infect.* 2020;80(6):e14-e8. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.005.
12. Burlacu A, Mavrichi I, Crisan-Dabija R, Jugrin D, Buju S, Artene B, et al. “Celebrating old age”: an obsolete expression during the COVID-19 pandemic? Medical, social, psychological, and religious consequences of home isolation and loneliness among the elderly. Arch Med Sci. 2021;17(2):285-95. doi: 10.5114/aoms.2020.95955.
13. Banerjee D. ‘Age and ageism in COVID-19’: Elderly mental health-care vulnerabilities and needs. Asian J Psychiatr. 2020;51:102154. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102154.
14. Wu B. Social isolation and loneliness among older adults in the context of COVID-19: a global challenge. Glob Health Res Policy. 2020;5:27. doi: 10.1186/s41256-020-00154-3.
15. Arpino B, Pasqualini M, Bordone V, Sole-Auro A. Older People’s Nonphysical Contacts and Depression During the COVID-19 Lockdown. Gerontologist. 2021;61(2):176-86. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnaa144.
16. Girdhar R, Srivastava V, Sethi S. Managing mental health issues among elderly during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of geriatric care and research. 2020;7(1):32-5.
17. Asgari M, Chobabari A, Sakhaie S. The analysis of psychological experiences of the elderly in the pandemic of coronavirus disease: A phenomenological study. Aging Psychology. 2021;7(2):107-23.
18. Varii U, Alankaya N. Effect of health anxiety on disease perception and treatment compliance in elderly patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Arch Psychiatry Nurs. 2022;40:84-90. doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2022.05.002.
19. Gholamzad S, Saeidi N, Danesh S, Ranjbar H, Zarei M. Analyzing the Elderly’s Quarantine-related Experiences in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2021;16(1):30-45. doi: 10.32598/sija.16.1.2083.3.
20. Heid AR, Cartwright F, Wilson-Genderson M, Pruchno R. Challenges Experienced by Older People During the Initial Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Gerontologist. 2021;61(1):48-58. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnaa138.
21. Radwan E, Radwan A, Radwan W. Challenges facing older adults during the COVID-19 outbreak. European journal of environment and public health. 2020;5(1):em0059. doi: 10.29333/ejeph/8457.
22. Heshmatifar N, Davarinia Motlagh Quchan A, Mohammadzadeh Tabrizi Z, Moayed L, Moradi S, Rastagi S, et al. Prevalence and factors related to self-medication for COVID-19 prevention in the elderly. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2021;16(1):112-27. doi: 10.32598/sija.16.1.2983.1.
23. Safania P, Barahmand R, Safania AM. Oral health of elderly during the corona virus pandemic: a review article. J Dent Med. 2021;34(1):8.
24. Terai H, Tamai K, Takahashi S, Katsuda H, Shimada N, Hori Y, et al. Development of locomotive syndrome in elderly population after COVID-19 outbreak: A population-based cross-sectional study with over 12,000 participants. J Orthop Sci. 2023;28(4):895-900. doi: 10.1016/j.jos.2022.05.012.
25. Burlacu A, Mavrichi I, Crisan-Dabija R, Jugrin D, Buju S, Artene B, et al. “Celebrating old age”: an obsolete expression during the COVID-19 pandemic? Medical, social, psychological, and religious consequences of home isolation and loneliness among the elderly. Arch Med Sci. 2021;17(2):285-95. doi: 10.5114/aoms.2020.95955.
26. Smith ML, Steinman LE, Casey EA. Combatting Social Isolation Among Older Adults in a Time of Physical Distancing: The COVID-19 Social Connectivity Paradox. Front Public Health. 2020;8:403. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00403.
27. Henning-Smith C. The Unique Impact of COVID-19 on Older Adults in Rural Areas. J Aging Soc Policy. 2020;32(4-5):396-402. doi: 10.1080/08959420.2020.1770036.
28. Gerhold L. COVID-19: risk perception and coping strategies. PsyArXiv preprint. 2020. doi: 10.31234/osf.io/xmpk4.
29. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, et al. Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(5). doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051729.
30. Qiu J, Shen B, Zhao M, Wang Z, Xie B, Xu Y. A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. Gen Psychiatr. 2020;33(2):e100213. doi: 10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213.
31. Voitsidis P, Gilatas I, Bairachtari V, Papadopoulou K, Papageorgiou G, Parlapani E, et al. Insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Greek population. Psychiatry Res. 2020;289:113076. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113076.