@article { author = {Kadirova, Aziza}, title = {An Overview of the Current State and Prospects of Development of e-Health in Uzbekistan}, journal = {Health Management & Information Science}, volume = {4}, number = {4}, pages = {95-100}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2783-302X}, eissn = {2783-302X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Introduction: A significant role is played by the automation of diagnostic and treatment process, and the implementation of information and communication technologies, medical information systems, telemedicine, electronic health records, and electronic prescriptions in the field of health care institutions. The main purpose of this review was to familiarize the readers with the achievements and problems in the area of the health care information in Uzbekistan. Method: During preparation of this review, a comprehensive search of publications concerning informatization of health care in Uzbekistan was carried out. The electronic search was carried out by the keywords: e-health, telemedicine, health information system, medical information system, and child health in Uzbekistan. Results: Retrospective analyses showed that in Uzbekistan the health system has actively implemented specialized medical information systems through various projects on telemedicine. One of the most important areas is improving the health information system in the field of reproductive health, women’s health, and children and adolescents health issues. The main expected results of implementation of e-Health and the use of telemedicine technologies and systems that enhance the efficiency of health care are: promotion of the health of the population; decrease in the illness rate, disability, death rate; increase of availability and quality of medical care; strengthening the primary link of health care; creation of conditions for rendering effective medical care on a pre-hospital basis; development of a preventive orientation of health care; satisfaction of the needs of the population at high-technological types of medical care. Conclusion: Today, thanks to the implementation of extensive government programs in health care in Uzbekistan that has almost been completely reconsidered by the health care system. The country has taken measures to create the Integrated National Health Information System. Also, the informatization process is still confronted with many difficulties and it proceeds unevenly. The success of health care informatization in Uzbekistan at this stage depends on the decision of the organizational and technical issues. Keywords: Uzbekistan, E-Health, Health Information System, Telemedicine, Child Health}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jhmi.sums.ac.ir/article_42696.html}, eprint = {https://jhmi.sums.ac.ir/article_42696_7e8ca6802694bb5790d8579562b18e6b.pdf} } @article { author = {Yazdian Hossein Abadi, Nahid and Noori, Siamak and Haeri, Abdorrahman}, title = {The use of resource allocation approach for hospitals based on the initial efficiency by using data envelopment analysis}, journal = {Health Management & Information Science}, volume = {4}, number = {4}, pages = {101-106}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2783-302X}, eissn = {2783-302X}, doi = {}, abstract = { Introduction: Recourse allocation is very important in today’s highly competitive environment to enhance the quality and reduce costs due to limited resources and unlimited needs of the society. The aim of this study was to implement resource allocation in order to improve the efficiency of hospital.Method: This is a mixed method study. The data used in this paper are secondary data related to the 30 large acute and general hospitals in the US. Bed, service mix, full-time equivalent (FTE), and operational expenses are input indicators in hospital, and adjusted admissions and outpatient visits are output indicators. Using goal programming (GP) model and data envelopment analysis (DEA) model with a common weights, we suggest three scenarios for resource allocation and budget allocation. “Resource allocation based on efficiency”, “budget allocation based on efficiency” and “two stage allocation of budget”. The first scenario was used for allocating the resources and the second and third ones for allocating budget to decision making units (DMUs). The data were analyzed by LINGO software.Results: Before the allocation, four hospitals were efficient and the efficiency of six hospitals was less than 50%, but after allocation, in the first case of the first scenario 14 hospitals, 11 hospitals in the second case of the first scenario, 24 hospitals in the second scenario and 17 hospitals in the third scenario were efficient, and it is an important point that after the allocation, efficiency of all hospitals increased.Conclusion: This study can be useful for hospital administrators; it can help them to allocate their resource and budget and increase the efficiency of their hospitals.Keywords: Efficiency, Hospitals, Resource allocation, Budgets}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jhmi.sums.ac.ir/article_42697.html}, eprint = {https://jhmi.sums.ac.ir/article_42697_1ae4805f44354179ef4116b3c4eb4298.pdf} } @article { author = {Safe, Marziyeh Sadat and Barouni, Mohsen and Saif, Seyed Mojtaba}, title = {Health impact on Economy by Artificial Neural Network and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares}, journal = {Health Management & Information Science}, volume = {4}, number = {4}, pages = {107-113}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2783-302X}, eissn = {2783-302X}, doi = {}, abstract = { Introduction: Achievement of economic growth, as one of the most important macroeconomic variables, depends on the precise understanding of potential routes and the factors affecting on it. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health care sector’s effect on Iran Gross Domestic Product (GDP), as the status of economy.Method: Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) were performed according to Iran GDP as the output variable and the input variables of life expectancy at birth, under five mortality rates, public health expenditures, the number of doctors and hospital beds during 1961-2012 in Iran. Data were collected from the Statistical Center of Iran, the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the World Health Organization and the World Bank databases. Data management and analysis were performed using Eviewes 7, stata 11 and also Mathlab. MSE, MAE and R2 were calculated to assess and compare the models.Results: One percent reduction in deaths of children under 5-years could improve Iran GDP as much as 1.9%. Additionally, one percent increment in the number of doctors, hospital beds or health expenditure would increase GDP by 0.37%, 0.27% and 0.29%, respectively. Mean Absolute Error (MAE) demonstrated the superiority of DOLS in the model estimation.Conclusion: The lack of sufficient considerations and excellent models in the health care sector is the main reason for underestimating the effect of this sector on economy. This limitation leads to neglecting the resource allocation to the health care sector, as the great potential motivation of the economic growth.Keywords: Neural Network, Health care sector, Life expectancy, Health expenditure, Econometric model}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jhmi.sums.ac.ir/article_42699.html}, eprint = {https://jhmi.sums.ac.ir/article_42699_72ea8b252d2e2b061bd286cbb7f36b87.pdf} } @article { author = {Esmi, Keramat and Piran, Maryam and Hayat, Ali Asghar}, title = {The mediating effect of organizational culture on the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior}, journal = {Health Management & Information Science}, volume = {4}, number = {4}, pages = {114-119}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2783-302X}, eissn = {2783-302X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Introduction: Contemporary studies of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) are recognized as essential for modern organizations. These studies indicate that organizations with more emphasis on the OCB are healthier and more successful. The results also show that employees, who act beyond their job duties and exert OCB, belong to high productivity workgroup and enterprise with excellent quality in comparison to employees with low level of OCB. Therefore, the investigation of antecedents of organizational citizenship behavior can help the organizations to improve and reinforce it. Thus, the present study aimed at investigating the mediating effect of organizational culture on the relationship between transformational leadership and OCB.Method: A descriptive correlation research method was employed in this study. A total of 160 experts at Shiraz University were selected as the research sample through simple random sampling method using Cochran’s formula. Moreover, the study employed three instruments, namely Bass and Avolio’s transformational leadership questionnaire, Podsakoff’s et al.’s (1990) organizational citizenship behavior scale, and Denison organizational culture survey (2006). It is noted that the reliability of all the scales was obtained through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. To analyze the research data, Pearson coefficient and structural equation modeling were used through SPSS 22 and Lisrel 8.8 software.Results: The results indicated that of dimensions of transformational leadership, inspirational motivation (β=0.33), and individualized consideration (β=-0.23) directly influenced OCB. Moreover, these two dimensions indirectly influenced OCB through organizational culture (dimension of involvement). The direct and indirect (β=0.16) effect of inspirational motivation on OCB was positive whereas individualized consideration directly had a negative and indirectly (β=0.14) a positive effect on OCB. Two other dimensions of transformational leadership (intellectual stimulation and idealized influence) influenced OCB only indirectly and through organizational culture (dimension of involvement). It was also found that among various dimensions of organizational culture only involvement (β=0.35) positively and significantly influenced OCB.Conclusion: When transformational leaders provide close, intimate, supportive and developed relationships, workers tend to more exhibit high levels of OCB and are motivated to fulfill tasks beyond their formal roles to benefit the organization. We can conclude that employees who act beyond their job duties and show OCB have a high productivity with excellent quality in comparison to employees with low level of OCB. Also, organizations with more emphasis on the OCB are healthier and more successful.Keywords: Organizational culture, Transformational leadership, Organizational citizenship behavior}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jhmi.sums.ac.ir/article_42700.html}, eprint = {https://jhmi.sums.ac.ir/article_42700_52785bcd78083bf2187d364197b4d616.pdf} } @article { author = {Bahador, Fatemeh and Sharifian, Roxana and Farmani, Atefeh}, title = {The assessment of Picture Archiving and Communication System based on Canadian Infoway PACS Opinion Survey in Teaching Hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, journal = {Health Management & Information Science}, volume = {4}, number = {4}, pages = {120-124}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2783-302X}, eissn = {2783-302X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Introduction: Today the use of information technology in accordance with the rapid environmental changes and flexibility acquisition is necessary and unavoidable. Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) is one of the medical information technology used in health facilities. PACS provides the images archive and transmission possibility electronically in different units of the teaching and treatment centers. This study aimed to assess the PACS system in teaching hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences based on a survey of Canadian Infoway.Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 53 individuals selected through Two-Stage Stratified Random Sampling. The study population consisted of 156 PACS users in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences hospitals which were equipped with the PACS system in 2015. Data were collected by the valid and reliable customized questionnaire of Canadian Infoway. The reliability was measured by a pilot study on 25 PACS users; Cronbach’s Alpha was estimated 0.78. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18. Also, frequency, mean, standard deviation were used.Results: The results are presented in three sections: environment (Background Variables), benefits and challenges of PACS. As to the system availability, 20.8% of the users in the clinic, 75.5% in the diagnostic imaging department, only 3.8% in offices had access to the PACS. As to system accessibility, 49.1% of the users just had access to tests, 5.7% only to the reports, and 45.3% to both reports and tests. With respect to benefits of PACS, the mean was 4.16 (SD: 0.5) (five-point scale 1-5) estimated, and in challenges, the mean was 3.48(SD: 0.5) (five-point scale 1-5).Conclusion: The results showed that although PACS could eliminate many restrictions concerning the use of radiology images and films, there were challenges in this regard. Users are recommended to have access to PACS in all clinics, physicians’ offices, and diagnostic imaging department. The majority of users agreed with the PACS benefits. Adequate management measures must be taken to maximize the benefits derived from this system and the utilization of information in order to improve the quality of care. Adequate training and elimination of the deficiencies could affect the use of this system and improvement in the health care services.Keywords: PACS, Picture Archiving and Communication System, Assessment, Infoway}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jhmi.sums.ac.ir/article_42701.html}, eprint = {https://jhmi.sums.ac.ir/article_42701_97fd5fa59d37b793bb3e6b93bce75228.pdf} } @article { author = {Kazempour, Zahra and Ashrafi rizi, Hasan}, title = {Two-Factor Theory of Health Information Use: A Suggestion}, journal = {Health Management & Information Science}, volume = {4}, number = {4}, pages = {125-126}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2783-302X}, eissn = {2783-302X}, doi = {}, abstract = {Introduction: Today, the role of information is not deniable in decision-making, education, research, advertisement, content production, etc. (1). In fact, information in health systems depends on time and demand specifications and is extremely important for reasons such as having short half-life, impact on health behavior, and sensitivity to death and life (2). Peoples’ need for health information is deeply different. Physicians, patients, hospital administrators, students and faculty members have different kinds of needs for information because of their specific goals (2). Understanding the type of information needs is a fairly long and complex process that is influenced by various factors. But the final goal of information seeking behavior is using retrieved information. This information is used for various reasons by beneficiaries and is influenced by various factors. In this letter, we aim to offer a conceptual and predictable framework of health information use. In this conceptual framework, two main factors of using health information, i.e. motivational and functional, are briefly explained.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jhmi.sums.ac.ir/article_42698.html}, eprint = {https://jhmi.sums.ac.ir/article_42698_06a77b687559402c1e12df09df24b702.pdf} }